5. THE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM        To open the communications system, tap the telephone icon        at the bottom of the mail editor screen.        To return to the mail editor, tap the close box in the        lower right corner of the communications system screen.        The communications system maintains a set of services.        Each service contains information on how to connect to        a particular server, and send and receive mail.        Tapping on "Service" brings up a list of available services        and some options for creating, renaming and deleting        services.  A sample service is created when UniMail is        installed to give you an idea of how a simple set up could        look.        Immediately below this is a large rectangle.  Tapping the        label at the top of the rectangle allows you to select from        various screens containing configuration options for the        current service.  The content of each one of these screens        is dealt with in the sections below.5.1. Creating, Deleting and Renaming Services        1.  Tap on "Service".        2.  Tap your choice from the list that appears.        3.  If creating, or renaming a service, fill in the name            in the box that appears, then tap "Create" or "Rename"            as appropriate.        Note that service names have no significance other than        as labels in the "Service" list.5.2. The Connection Screen        The main feature of this screen is the "Connect" button.        Tapping this will attempt to connect to the currently        selected service.        The "Send outgoing mail" and "Retrieve new mail" checkboxes        tell UniMail what to do when you tap the "Connect" button.        You can turn off either one if you want to only send or        only receive mail when you next connect.        The "Leave copies on server" ensures that no messages are        deleted from the server (regardless of the settings on the        Options screen detailed in the next section).  This is useful        if you use UniMail to check on a mail account that you also        access from your desktop computer.        When you connect, UniMail displays some running information        on the status of the connection in the blank area above the        various buttons.  This area is referred to as "the log".5.3. The Options Screen        The options screen allows you set change the way UniMail        handles messages.        The "Display scripts as they run" displays information        about the state of the connection and disconnection scripts        in the log as they are running.  (See the "The Connection        Script Screen" section for more information.)        The "Don't retrieve messages larger than" checkbox and        accompanying slider allow you to limit the size of the        messages that the Newton will transfer from the server.        With this turned off, the Newton will attempt to download        any sized message.  If the message is too big to fit in        memory in one piece (usually about ten to twenty kilobytes,        depending on your Newton model and memory usage) the Newton        will discard the message.  It is a good idea to leave this        checkbox turned on to avoid low memory situations.        The "Delete oversized messages from server" checkbox        allows you to specify what the Newton does with messages        that are too big to transfer.  If this box is turned on,        these messages are deleted from the server without being        downloaded.        Turning on the "Delete previously received messages from        server" checkbox tells the Newton to delete from the server        copies of any messages that the Newton has downloaded in        a previous session.  Note that the Newton will never download        a message it already has a copy of whether or not this box        is checked.5.4. The Modem Screen        The modem screen is used to tell the Newton about the        physical details of the connection.        The "Connect via modem" button tells the Newton to try to        use a modem to connect to the server.  The phone number        that the Newton will dial can be set in the space below        the button.        (Note that the Newton allows you to set other modem        preferences from the Extras drawer.  See your MessagePad        handbook for details.)        The "Connect via serial link" button tells the Newton to        ignore the modem and assume there is a cable running from        the Newton serial port directly to the server.  It is        possible to use this, along with a fancy connection script,        to get UniMail to dial with a serial modem that isn't Newton        compatible.        The settings below this are standard communications settings.        If you are unsure what the values should be for your server,        check the program you use to connect from your desktop        computer.  Most desktop communications programs have similar        types of settings that you can copy over to UniMail.        WARNING It is important that you have at least one of the                "Software flow control", "Hardware flow control"                or "Use MNP error correction" checkboxes turned                on.  The Newton may lose the connection when                receiving mail if you do not.        NOTE    The "Use MNP error correction" mode will work even                if your modem does not support MNP.  The Newton                has the ability to emulate MNP in software.5.5. The Identification Screen        The identification screen is where you tell the Newton        about your email address and give it the information it        needs to authenticate itself to the server.        You should fill in the "Own address" box with your own        e-mail address in full.        The "User name" box should contain your user name (or login        name) on the server.        The "Pass word" box should contain the pass word you use        to log in to the server.  Note that once you have filled        in this box and switched out of the identification screen,        your pass word will be displayed as a series of bullets.        Someone who picks up your Newton cannot view your pass        word.        If you need to use a different user name and pass word to        connect to the mail server than you do to log in to your        server account, then check the "Use a separate POP3 name        and pass word" box and fill out the boxes underneath.  If        you are unsure whether this applies to you, ask your service        provider.5.6. The Server Screen        The server screen tells UniMail where to find the mail        server and what sort of behaviour to expect from it.        The "POP3 host", "POP3 port", "SMTP host" and "SMTP port"        boxes tell the Newton the name of the hosts running the        POP3 and SMTP servers, and the ports on which they are        running.  If you are unsure of what values these should        take, ask your service provider.        The "Telnet echoes typed text" checkbox should usually be        left on, unless the server is running "srialpop".  See the        "Information for Service Providers" section for more        information on "srialpop".        Tap on "UniMail sends end of line as" to choose the end of        line character that UniMail should send.  For most UNIX        servers, the default value of "CR" should be just fine.5.7. The Connection Script Screen        The connection script tells the Newton what to do once it        has established a connection to the server.  In the simplest        case (as shown in the connection script for the sample        service) this simply involves logging in.  Other systems        may require you to connect to the server through an annex,        which requires additional commands.        The connection script should leave the Newton sitting at        a shell prompt.  The newton will then use the command        "telnet <POP3/SMTP host> <POP3/SMTP port>" to connect to        the POP3 and SMTP servers.  Don't worry if you don't        understand what this command does.5.7.1. Connection Script Lines        The connection script is made up of a series of lines.        Each line instructs the Newton to perform an action.        The possible actions are:            - Wait for some particular text            - Send some particular text            - Wait for a set amount of time            - Send your user name (from the Identification screen)            - Send your pass word (from the Identification screen)        When a connection is first established, the Newton steps        through performing the action of each line of the connection        script in order.        To add a line to a script, tap the "New" button in the        lower right corner.        To remove a line from a script, tap the small trash can        icon at the right side of that line.        On a Newton with version 2.0 of the operating system, you        can rearrange lines simply by dragging the separator bar        at the top of the line.  Dragging a line to the edge of        the screen will place it on the clipboard.5.7.2. Writing a connection script        It is a good idea before writing your script to connect to        your server from a communications program on your desktop,        log in by hand and then print out a transcript of the        session.  You can then see exactly what the server sends        and exactly what you need to type in response.        If you still don't understand scripts, take a look at the        following section.5.7.3. An example connection script        To give you an idea of how scripts work, an example script        is provided in the "Sample Service" which is available when        UniMail is first installed.  The following is a walk through        of that script, with some explanatory notes.  Although your        scripts may look very different to this hopefully the sample        can give you a general idea of how scripts work.           1. Send a carriage return                Many systems need to be prodded a little before they                give a prompt.  By using the "Send text" option,                leaving the text field blank and checking the "CR"                box you can send a single carriage return to do this.           2. Wait for the text "login:"                This is the standard UNIX login prompt.  Two things                are worth noting:                a) UniMail is not case sensitive when checking for                received text, so "login:", "Login:" and "LoGiN:"                would all have the same effect, and                b) The "CR" and "LF" checkboxes also work when the                command is "Wait for text".  In this case the Newton                will wait for the specified text followed by a carriage                return and/or linefeed.  Most scripts won't use these                checkboxes with "Wait for text".            3. Send user name                This sends the user name which you entered on the                Identification Screen.  Note that the "CR" box is                checked to send a carriage return after it.            4. Wait for the text "password:"                Now we wait for the password prompt...            5. Send pass word                ...and send the pass word followed by a carriage return.            6. Wait for the text ">"                This waits for UNIX to provide a prompt.  Not all                systems use ">" for a prompt, so don't assume that                yours will.            7. Send text "biff n; mesg n"                This turns off notification of new mail and messages                sent from other users with the "write" command.  Not                all UNIX systems support these, but if yours does                then it is a good idea to turn them off this way.            8. Wait for text ">"                Make sure that UniMail is left sitting at a shell prompt.5.8. The Disconnection Script Screen        The disconnection script is run by the Newton after UniMail        has finished sending and receiving messages.  At the start        of the disconnection script, UniMail leaves the UNIX server        at a shell prompt.        After the disconnection script has run, UniMail hangs up        the connection.5.9. It doesn't work!  What now?        OK, so you've been through all this, created your service        and tapped "Connect", and your Newton gets half way through        and then stops or gives you an error.  The following is a        list of common problems and things to try.        If all of these fail, try talking to your service provider -        they may be able to help.        If that fails, get in touch with us.  We'd be more than        happy to help you get UniMail up and running.  See the        section "Contacting Eclipse" for more information.        The Newton tells me that the modem isn't responding.            - Check the cables and make sure the modem has power.            - Make sure your modem is Newton compatible.  You may              need to install modem enablers (freely available from              Apple) and/or change your current modem setup in the              Newton's modem preferences.        The Newton tells me there is no dial tone.            - Check the connection from the modem to the phone line.            - In some countries the Newton cannot detect a dial              tone.  If this is the case then see your MessagePad              Handbook for information on how to set the modem              preferences to disable dial tone detection.        The Newton dials up OK, says "Logging in" and then freezes.            - UniMail is not getting through your connection script.              First make sure you have "Display scripts as they              run" turned on in the Options screen.  This will help              show where in your connection script UniMail is getting              lost.        Even with "Displays scripts" turned on it just says "Logging in"        and then freezes.            - Try sending a carriage return as the first thing in              your script.  Some hosts require a bit of a prod              before they will respond.            - If that doesn't work, try adding a couple of seconds              pause before sending the carriage return.        UniMail seems to get through the connection script, then it says        "Sending mail" or "Retrieving mail" and just sits there.                            - Make sure your server is running POP3 and SMTP              daemons, and that the host name and ports for these              are set correctly on the Server screen.  Your service              provider should be able to give you this information.              Be very careful to get these exactly right, and make              sure they don't contain spaces.            - Check that the value of "UniMail sends end of line as"              on the Server screen is correct.  Once again, your              service provider should be able to tell you what the              server expects.            - Make sure that your server sends a carriage return              followed by a line feed as its end of line.  On many              servers you can do this by adding "stty onlcr" as a              shell command in your connection script.  Your service              provider should also be able to help you with this.        UniMail gives me a message like "The server has returned an        invalid response....(The response was USER <your user name>)"            - You probably have the "Telnet echoes typed text"              box on the Server screen unchecked when it should              be checked, or vice versa.        UniMail gives me -48402 errors will connecting, or tells me that        "The message is too big for downloading" even on relatively        small messages.            - Some package, or combination of packages, is using              lots of memory on your Newton.            - Make sure that the Extras drawer and/or the Notes app are              the only others packages open when you try to connect.            - Try resetting your Newton immediately before connecting.              (Press the small button inside the battery compartment.)              You do not lose any data by doing this, and it ensures              that UniMail has the maximum amount of memory available.            - You may want to have a look at some of the many shareware              and freeware applications available that help conserve              memory.            - UniMail 2 will use some of the advanced memory management              features of OS 2.0 to entirely alleviate this sort of              memory problem.        I have the "Leave messages on server" box unchecked, but UniMail        seems to leave them there anyway.            - Try adding a few seconds delay to the end of your              disconnection script.  Some POP3 servers take a little              while to process deletions when you log out, and if              UniMail hangs up first then they won't finish the job.        UniMail gives me an error or locks up my Newton as soon as I try        to open it.            - UniMail has problems with some packages that allow              freezing of apps in the Extras drawer.  You must make              sure that UniMail is unfrozen manually before it is              opened.  This will be fixed in version 2.                I have a MessagePad 110, and the Newton sometimes switches        off or gives errors after I've connected.            - You need to install the "MP110 Power Off Update"              available from Apple.                ------------------------------------------------------------------------6. INFORMATION FOR SERVICE PROVIDERS        If you run a server and you are interested in supporting        UniMail then this section is for you.6.1. Security Concerns        If you do not normally provide shell accounts and are        concerned with the security problems of doing so, you may        wish to take a look at a program called "srialpop".        "srialpop" acts as a fake shell with only two commands        enabled: a simple form of "telnet", and "logout".        You can even restrict the hosts and ports which the telnet        command allows the user to connect to.        "srialpop" is freely available and you should be able to        find it on a site near you.        A point worth noting: the "telnet" built into srialpop does        no character echoing, so the "Telnet echoes typed text"        option should be disabled on the UniMail Server screen.6.2. Providing an UniMail Configuration to Users        If you successfully get UniMail configured and you wish to        save your users the trouble of having to enter all the        configuration information into the Newton, get in touch        with Eclipse.  We can provide you with a version of your        configuration as a small Newton package on disk.        You can then give this package to your users on disk or        online and have them install it using the Newton Package        Installer, which is freely available from Apple.        You may also offer to install it for your users.  If you        have a Windows PC or a Macintosh this is very easy to        do and is a service your users would probably appreciate.7. CONTACTING ENFOUR        Feel free to contact us with questions, bugs, suggestions,        criticisms or even just some positive comments.        When contacting us with configuration problems, please tell        us what sort of Newton and modem you are using as well as        the exact text of any error messages you get and exactly        where they occur.  It would also be helpful if you included        a copy of your connection script.        You can reach us via e-mail at:         smittie@enfour.com        Or telephone:                           +        Or fax:                                 +